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长沙楼市“以旧换新”政策落地 10余城已落地推行相关政策！_我的网站

一 |     长沙楼市“以旧换新”政策终于落地。　　4月18日，长沙市住房城乡建设局印发《关于支持居民购买改善住房的通知》，即日起，全市范围内“以旧换新”购买新房，可按照“认房不认贷”政策，享受首套房首付比和按揭利率优惠；购买新房申请住房公积金贷款，在原有基础上上调最高贷款额度；同时不再审查购房者资格条件。　　长沙楼市自2017年“318”政策之后进入限购时代，“以旧换新”政策的出台被认为是长沙全面取消楼市限购的标志，不少地产人士发圈庆祝。    WASHINGTON -- With the growing popularity of disposable e-cigarettes, communities across the U.S. are confronting a new vaping problem: how to safely get rid of millions of small, battery-powered devices that are considered hazardous waste.For years, the debate surrounding vaping largely centered on its risks for high school and middle school students enticed by flavors like gummy bear, lemonade and watermelon.But the recent shift toward e-cigarettes that can’t be refilled has created a new environmental dilemma. The devices, which contain nicotine, lithium and other metals, cannot be reused or recycled. Under federal environmental law, they also aren’t supposed to go in the trash.U.S. teens and adults are buying roughly 12 million disposable vapes per month. With little federal guidance, local officials are finding their own ways to dispose of e-cigarettes collected from schools, colleges, vape shops and other sites.“We are in a really weird regulatory place where there is no legal place to put these and yet we know, every year, tens of millions of disposables are thrown in the trash,” said Yogi Hale Hendlin, a health and environmental researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.In late August, sanitation workers in Monroe County, New York, packed more than 5,500 brightly colored e-cigarettes into 55-gallon steel drums for transport. Their destination? A giant, industrial waste incinerator in northern Arkansas, where they would be melted down.Sending 350 pounds of vapes across the country to be burned into ash may not sound environmentally friendly. But local officials say it’s the only way to keep the nicotine-filled devices out of sewers, waterways and landfills, where their lithium batteries can catch fire.“These are very insidious devices,” said Michael Garland, who directs the county’s environmental services. “They’re a fire risk and they’re certainly an environmental contaminant if not managed properly.”Elsewhere, the disposal process has become both costly and complicated. In New York City, for example, officials are seizing hundreds of thousands of banned vapes from local stores and spending about 85 cents each for disposal.HAZARDOUS WASTEVaping critics say the industry has skirted responsibility for the environmental impact of its products, while federal regulators have failed to force changes that could make vaping components easier to recycle or less wasteful.Among the possible changes: standards requiring that e-cigarettes be reusable or forcing manufacturers to fund collection and recycling programs. New York, California and several other states have so-called extended product responsibility laws for computers and other electronics. But those laws don't cover vaping products and there are no comparable federal requirements for any industry.Environmental Protection Agency rules for hazardous waste don’t apply to households, meaning it's legal for someone to throw e-cigarettes in the garbage at home. But most businesses, schools and government facilities are subject to EPA standards in how they handle harmful chemicals like nicotine, which the EPA considers an “acute hazardous waste," because it can be poisonous at high levels.In the U.S., the push to manage disposable e-cigarettes has chiefly come from schools, which can face stricter regulation if they generate more than a few pounds of hazardous waste per month. Monroe County schools pay $60 to dispose of each one-gallon container of vapes. More than two thirds of the e-cigarettes collected by the county come from schools.“Our schools were very relieved because they had confiscated so much of this material,” Garland said. “If you think of all the high schools across the country, they are in a very difficult place right now.”Lithium in e-cigarette batteries is the same highly sought metal used to power electric vehicles and cellphones. But the quantities used in vaping devices are too small to warrant salvage. And nearly all disposable e-cigarette batteries are soldered into the device, making it impractical to separate them for recycling.Disposable e-cigarettes currently account for about 53% of the multi-billion U.S. vaping market, according to U.S. government figures, more than doubling since 2020.Their rise is a study in unintended consequences.In early 2020, the Food and Drug Administration banned nearly all flavors from reusable e-cigarettes like Juul, the cartridge-based device blamed for sparking a nationwide surge in underage vaping. But the policy didn't apply to disposables, opening the door to thousands of new varieties of fruit and candy-flavored vapes, almost all manufactured in China.In recent months the FDA has begun trying to block imports of several leading disposable brands, including Elf Bar and Esco Bar. Regulators consider them all illegal, but they have been unable to stop their entry to the U.S. and the devices are now ubiquitous in convenience stores, gas stations and other shops. FDA’s tobacco chief, Brian King, said in a statement that his agency “will continue to carefully consider the potential environmental impacts” of vaping products.THE COST OF CONFISCATING DISPOSABLE E-CIGARETTESIn 2020, New York City outlawed the vast majority of e-cigarette types, banning flavors that can appeal to youngsters.City employees conduct thousands of inspections annually, and last year issued more than 2,400 citations to corner stores and bodegas selling illegal flavored products. Adding to the challenge are THC vapes sold at hundreds of unlicensed marijuana shops, a separate but related problem that has mushroomed since New York's legalization of recreational pot.Since last November, officials have seized more than 449,000 vape units, according to city figures. New York City is spending about $1,400 to destroy each container of 1,200 confiscated vapes, but many more remain in city storage lockers. “I don’t think anyone ever considered the volume of these in our community,” said New York Sheriff Anthony Miranda, who leads a task force on the issue. “There’s a tremendous amount of resources going into this effort.” A recent lawsuit against four large vaping distributors aims to recoup some of the city's costs. For now, New Yorkers who vape can bring their used e-cigarettes to city-sponsored waste-collection events.Ultimately those vapes meet a familiar fate: They are shipped to Gum Springs, Arkansas, to be incinerated by Veolia, an international waste management firm. The company has incinerated more than 1.6 million pounds of vaping waste in recent years, mostly unsold inventory or discontinued products.Veolia executives say burning e-cigarettes' lithium batteries can damage their incinerators.“Ideally we don’t want to incinerate them because it has to be done very, very slowly. But if have to, we will,” said Bob Cappadona, who leads the company’s environmental services division.Veolia also handles e-cigarettes from Boulder County, Colorado, one of the only U.S. jurisdictions that actively tries to recycle e-cigarette batteries and components.Historically, Boulder has had one of the highest teen vaping rates in the country, peaking at nearly 33% in 2017. “It was like someone flicked the switch. Suddenly e-cigarettes were everywhere,” said Daniel Ryan, principal of Centaurus High School. Beginning in 2019, county officials began distributing bins to schools for confiscated or discarded e-cigarettes. Last year, they collected 3,500. County staffers sort the devices by type, separating those with removable batteries for recycling. Disposables are packed and shipped to Veolia's incinerator. Shelly Fuller, who directs the program, says managing vape waste has gotten more costly and labor intensive with the shift to disposables.“I kind of miss the days when we had Juuls and I could take each battery out and recycle them very easily,” Fuller said. “No one has time to dismantle a thousand Esco Bars.”___AP video journalist Joseph Frederick contributed to this story from New York___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。　　对此，长沙市住房和城乡建设局相关负责人认为，此次全面优化长沙房地产限购政策，实施“以旧换新”，旨在适应新型城镇化发展趋势和房地产市场供求关系变化，满足居民多层次多样化购房需求，将有利于充分释放市场潜力，加强新房、二手房市场联动，有利于全市房地产市场稳中向好。　　据悉，长沙此次推出政策是因为当前居民住房需求已经从“有没有”向“好不好”转变，以小换大、以旧换新等改善性住房需求逐渐成为市场主流，一些家庭名下有2套及以上“老旧小”房子的，因为受购房资格的影响不能出售或置换，导致不能及时购买改善性住房。

二 | 　　在长沙当地业内人士看来，长沙本次出台“以旧换新”政策主要是针对改善市场，缩短改善性需求二手房置换周期，并降低改善住房需求购房成本，让二手房市场活跃起来，并带动新房市场，有利于进一步促进长沙新房二手房市场的成交。　　易居研究院研究总监严跃进则表示，此次长沙政策很具有创新性，提出支持改善住房，这是精准地挖掘潜在需求，而且在政策条款上提到对“以旧换新”给予金融贷款支持。

三 | 长沙政策值得各地借鉴意义在于，政策条款之间打好组合拳，这也是响应国家对于房地产政策出台的思路，不是要出更多政策，而是将现在的政策更好地发挥协同效果。

四 | 　　国企或开发商收购旧房受关注　　本月初，郑州发布《郑州市促进房产市场“卖旧买新 以旧换新”工作方案（试行）》，计划在今年内推动10000户居民成功进行二手房置换。　　郑州为购房家庭提供了两种“以旧换新”模式，一种是由郑州城市发展集团有限公司介入，直接收购市民的二手房；另一种是享受政府政策支持，由市民自主在市场中买卖住房。以上两种模式均可享受减免契税30%的购房契税补贴政策。　　很快，郑州又出台细则明确了“以旧换新”的条件限制，例如二手房性质应为普通商品住房、房龄不超过15年等。如购房者选取由指定主体收购房屋的模式，其购买的新建商品房总价款还应不低于二手房收购总价款。　　在流程方面，将由收购主体支付二手房全部购房款，其中二手房过户相关税费将直接支付至换房家庭，剩余房款则支付至换房家庭购买的新建商品住房开发企业。

五 | 　　采取此类由国企或开发商等主体直接收购旧房模式的城市还有江苏太仓、江苏苏州相城区、连云港等地。还有城市仅选取了郑州第二种模式，加大对“以旧换新”家庭的购房政策支持力度。昨天，长沙宣布“以旧换新”家庭可按照“认房不认贷”政策，享受首套房首付比和按揭利率优惠。　　此外，沈阳、盐城等地采取的模式是发放“以旧换新”购房补贴；杭州临平区、宁波、济南等城市则联合开发商及房地产经纪机构推出了“换新购”服务，即购房者可在未售出旧房的情况下向开发商认购并锁定新房房源，由委托的房地产经纪机构出售旧房，若一定期限内旧房售出则按流程购买新房，若旧房未售出则退还新房认购金。　　据中指研究院统计，现已有超30城表态支持“以旧换新”。徐州、淄博、南京等10余个城市已落地推行这一政策。预计未来将有更多城市跟进推出这一举措。　　疏通“卖一买一”置换堵点　　“房子不好卖了”，是近年来许多有置换需求业主的普遍感受。根据58安居客研究院发布的《全国百城二手房市场3月报》，今年3月，全国百城二手房在架房源量环比增加。其中，一线城市二手房平均在架房源为16.17万套，环比增加了15.8%。二、三线城市平均在架套数分别为8.27万套、2.60万套，环比增加了15.1%和12.6%。　　但是，挂牌量增长并不能说明“抛售潮”来袭。另一份来自贝壳研究院的数据显示，目前二手房挂牌房源价格调降比例占整体挂牌量三至四成，处于正常水平。贝壳研究院分析师表示，挂牌量增加的一个关键原因其实是换房需求的增加。　　然而，由于预期不足等因素导致二手房交易不畅，使得许多改善型购房者“卖一买一”计划难以实现，也进一步拖累了新房市场。

六 | 　　“针对一些城市出现新房和二手房市场表现疲弱甚至相互竞争、循环降价的现象，迫切需要政府及时介入。

七 | ”广东省城规院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉认为，在存量房源足够大、供求关系发生重大变化的形势下，政府牵头引导国企等主体收购一部分区位优、配套好、价格低的中小户型普通商品住房，能够进一步打通“卖一买一”的换房链条，释放改善型住房需求，促进二手房、新房市场的活跃。　　另一方面，李宇嘉认为各地需要考虑可持续性问题，警惕收购房源出现消化不出去的情况。　　（中国小康网综合湖南日报、北京日报客户端、新京报）。

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