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“建议十二生肖把蛇开除”，最近满大街的丑蛇装饰让怕蛇人默默碎了_我的网站
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A documentary revisiting the Imperial Japanese Army's lethal human experiments and biological warfare program has attracted more than 1 million views online, bringing renewed global attention to one of World War II's darkest chapters and a history still little known outside Asia.
Produced by Singapore-based Channel NewsAsia (CNA), Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments features historians and descendants of survivors from countries including the UK, the US, Japan and Singapore. Through their accounts, the documentary details the germ warfare, human experimentation and other crimes against humanity committed by Unit 731 - officially known as the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army - during Japan's war of aggression.
Several US, Singaporean and Japanese scholars featured in the documentary recently told the Global Times that the evidence of Unit 731's crimes against humanity is irrefutable. The atrocities represent a shared trauma not only for Asian countries subjected to Japanese fascist aggression, but also for all humanity. "More than 80 years after the war, reviving the collective memory of affected countries is essential to safeguarding peace," they said.
Victims of germ warfare
For much of his life, Katsutoshi Takegami knew only that his father had once worked in China. It was not until years after his father's death that a discovery in the family storehouse prompted the 78-year-old resident of Komagane, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, to investigate what that work had involved.
Several thick photo albums had been packed into boxes marked "Nara Army Hospital." Across the black-and-white photographs were references to the "Epidemic Prevention Section" and the "Central China Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department."
"My father worked at a local public health center after World War II. He had mentioned that he had worked in China, but never revealed any details," Takegami told the Global Times. "When I saw those photographs, I desperately wanted to know what my father had done in China."
Determined to find an answer, Takegami closed the café he had spent years building, began examining historical records and consulted researchers. He even traveled to China in search of clues.
His investigation eventually revealed that his father had been a member of Unit 1644, also known as Unit Ei 1644, a germ-warfare formation based in Nanjing. The discovery came as a profound shock.
"When people talk about the Imperial Japanese Army's germ warfare, Unit 731 is usually the first thing that comes to mind. In fact, the Japanese military operated many such units," Takegami said.
"The general public knows almost nothing about them, and very few scholars study them. Historical evidence shows that the areas victimized by germ warfare extended far beyond Harbin, where Unit 731 was headquartered. China was by no means the only victimized country," he added.
For Singaporean independent scholar Lim Shao Bin, the realization that this biological warfare network had reached Southeast Asia came on February 14, 2016.
That day, Nobuyoshi Takashima, professor emeritus at the University of the Ryukyus, and his wife took Lim to the former Tampoi Mental Hospital on the outskirts of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Pointing to a row of buildings, Takashima told him: "This was a wartime production base for Unit 731's plague bombs."
"That cut deeply into me," Lim told the Global Times. "I had studied in Japan since the 1980s and believed I knew a great deal about the crimes committed by the Japanese invaders in China. But I never imagined that Singapore and Malaysia - right on our doorstep - had also suffered at the hands of Unit 731."
From that day forward, Lim began systematically tracing the activities of Japanese germ-warfare units in Southeast Asia.
He explained that the Epidemic Prevention Research Laboratory of the Imperial Japanese Army Medical School established the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army in Pingfang, Harbin, which became known as Unit 731.
Using Unit 731 as the center of its operations, the Japanese military established the North China Expeditionary Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department in Beijing, known as Unit 1855; Unit Ei 1644 in Nanjing; and Unit Nami 8604 in Guangzhou.
''Yet this network still contained a major missing piece - Southeast Asia,'' Lim said.
The Japanese military established the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of Southern Expeditionary Army in Singapore under the code name Oka Unit 9420. Together, these interconnected germ-warfare formations constituted what Lim described as the "Unit 731 system."
A map compiled by Lim marks five branches of Oka Unit 9420 across Southeast Asia: the Malaya, Java, Manila, Indochina and Thailand branches. These facilities produced plague bacilli and fleas on a large scale, supplying the Japanese military with biological warfare materials and forming a regional germ-warfare network.
Historical documents indicate that Oka Unit 9420 was the largest Japanese germ-warfare unit operating outside the China theater.
In May 2025, Lim and Wang Xuan, president of the Zhejiang Provincial Historical Society's research association on the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), published a book on the Japanese Army's Oka Unit 9420 after five years of extensive research and writing.
The book offered the first comprehensive account of this nearly forgotten unit and was also the first historical monograph devoted to the Southern Expeditionary Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department.
Work far from over
The CNA documentary traces the origins of Japan's biological warfare ambitions to the 1925 Geneva Protocol, humanity's first major post-World War I attempt to prohibit the use of chemical and biological weapons.
Instead of treating the prohibition as a moral boundary, Shiro Ishii, the notorious commander of Unit 731, recognized the enormous military value of such weapons and regarded them as "a decisive means of winning future wars," according to the documentary.
Unit 731 presented itself publicly as an epidemic-prevention and public health organization. Its real purpose, however, was to conduct secret human experiments in support of biological warfare.
The experiments included infecting victims with plague-bearing fleas, injecting them with dysentery pathogens and subjecting them to frostbite tests in temperatures dozens of degrees below zero.
Japanese soldiers referred to prisoners of war and civilian victims as maruta, meaning "logs," stripping them of their humanity before using them as experimental subjects. Everyone sent into the laboratories eventually died.
As Lim's research shows, the system supporting these experiments extended far beyond Unit 731's headquarters in Harbin.
In February 2018, Lim obtained exclusive access to a reel of wartime film footage shot after 1942 by Tomosada Masuda, a close associate and former schoolmate of Ishii who later became a core member of Unit 731. The footage documented the activities of Oka Unit 9420 in Southeast Asia.
"Harbin's severe winters made it impossible to breed plague-infected fleas on a large scale throughout the year, so Unit 731 urgently needed a warm and humid cultivation base," Lim said. "The optimal conditions for breeding the fleas were temperatures of 27 to 30 C and humidity of around 90 percent. Singapore's climate met all of these requirements."
Another document preserved in a Japanese archive showed that Japanese military "researchers" had successfully isolated a new virus from rats in Singapore and planned to transport it to Unit 731's headquarters in Harbin.
Lim said the virus was not originally native to Singapore but had been deliberately cultivated and introduced by the Japanese military. The Japanese Imperial Army recorded the body temperatures, symptoms and other experimental data of 70 test subjects in detail.
"The documentary examines in depth the crucial role Singapore played in the broader biological warfare operation," Alexis Dudden, a professor of history at the University of Connecticut, told the Global Times. "This not only expands the geographical scope of research into Unit 731's criminal activities, but also makes one point clear: This history cannot simply be characterized as a dispute between China and Japan. At its core, it was a transnational crime done by Japanese imperial expansion."
Dudden also pointed to the testimony of Hideo Shimizu, a former teenage recruit of Unit 731 who appeared in the documentary. Accounts by those who directly witnessed the unit's activities demonstrate that "the work of exposing this dark history is far from over," she said.
The documentary also highlights the stark disparity in postwar accountability.
After World War II, the victorious Allied powers conducted international trials of leading Nazi war criminals and criminal organizations in Nuremberg, Germany. Yet many of Unit 731's "executioners" returned to Japanese society, where they resumed ordinary careers in medicine and other professions.
"In a sense, this forces all of us to ask: How could a person commit such horrifying crimes, then return home and continue to act as a caring partner, a kind friend or a responsible parent?" Dudden said.
Understand history, learn from it
As of press time, "Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments" has attracted more than 1.13 million views on YouTube and other platforms, with the figure rising.
Its reception raises a broader question: Why has a history rooted in wartime Asia resonated so strongly with audiences across national borders?
"Many people outside China know little or nothing about this history," Dudden said. "For a long time, international understanding of Unit 731 has not merely contained blind spots. It has been marked by widespread historical ignorance - people simply do not know this history."
Dudden cited an example from the university where she teaches. An accomplished professor who held a doctorate from Kyoto University and had spent years living and working in Japan was stunned after watching the documentary.
"I grew up in Bosnia and worked and lived in Japan for many years. My own grandparents died in Nazi concentration camps, yet I had never heard of this history," the professor said.
The professor urged Dudden to introduce the documentary in her classes and help disseminate the historical truth about Unit 731 because "everyone can and must understand this history and learn from it."
At the same time, Dudden emphasized that "understanding history and learning historical knowledge does not mean hating Japan or the Japanese people."
Asked by the Global Times what lessons remembering and reflecting on history can offer for preventing past tragedies from recurring and safeguarding peace and justice, amid Japan's accelerating rightward shift and mounting conflicts worldwide, Dudden said that "choosing silence in the face of atrocities is, to some extent, tantamount to abetting evil."
"Collective numbness and inaction can all too easily give rise to further harm. If humanity is unwilling to reflect together and defend our shared human values, similar tragedies will very likely happen again. Therein lies the answer," Dudden said.
For historians, years of work with archival materials are essential to identifying decisive evidence and exposing the falsehoods of historical denialists, Dudden said.
"But the challenge remains: Distorted and sanitized narratives have already hardened into mainstream opinion in some countries," she noted. "From this perspective, the historical truth about Unit 731, including that presented in CNA's documentary, deserves to be disseminated widely."
Da Zhigang, a research fellow at the Institute of Northeast Asian Studies of the Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times that the Imperial Japanese Army's germ warfare, chemical warfare and other atrocities were not confined to China.
They also spread across Southeast Asia and the Pacific theater, inflicting profound suffering on people in numerous countries, he said.
Da said the Japanese government has long pursued historical revisionism by deliberately confining its wartime crimes to a bilateral China-Japan framework. It has even substituted concepts and reversed right and wrong, portraying a deliberately launched war of aggression as "an act of self-defense under a complex international environment," he said.
Such narratives seek to reduce the perceived geographical scope of Japan's atrocities and dilute its responsibility for wartime crimes, Da noted.
"Japan's historical revisionism is, in essence, a flagrant violation of the spirit of the UN Charter, international human rights norms and the principles of Japan's own Constitution," Da said.
"The current Sanae Takaichi administration uses AI and other means to manipulate public opinion, continually poisoning the Japanese public's understanding of history and fundamentally distorting the purpose of peace education," Da said.
"This erroneous view of history is highly transmissible and has serious spillover effects. It undermines the foundations of Japan's relations with regional countries and risks triggering a chain of negative consequences with lasting repercussions," the expert warned.
Many Asia-Pacific countries share memories of suffering under Japanese militarism as well as a strong emotional resonance rooted in that history. This provides a solid foundation for building a multilateral system of historical accountability, Da said.
Victimized countries across the region should preserve their shared historical memory, work together to expose false narratives promoted by Japan's right wing and fully restore the historical record of Japanese aggression, he added. Such efforts would provide a firm historical basis for upholding regional peace and justice.
For Lim, turning that goal into reality requires overcoming serious obstacles. The countries of Southeast Asia were ruled by different colonial powers during the war, and their archives were consequently preserved in different languages. Records relating to Singapore and Malaysia were largely written in English under British colonial rule, those in Indonesia in Dutch, and those in Vietnam in French.
Already scarce documents are therefore scattered across different countries and divided by linguistic barriers, leaving researchers with very limited material, Lim added.
"Unit 731's germ warfare, human experimentation and other crimes are not only a source of pain for China. They are a shared trauma for all Asian countries that suffered Japanese aggression, and for humanity as a whole," Lim said. "Researching this history is therefore not the responsibility of any one country, but a common responsibility of the international community."
Lim called on countries to strengthen archival sharing and academic cooperation, break down linguistic and national barriers, and jointly uncover more historical truths that have remained buried.
"More than 80 years after the war, reviving the collective memory of affected countries is essential to safeguarding peace," Lim said. "Only by facing history squarely and reflecting on it can we prevent such tragedy from recurring and build a solid foundation for peace."
。 虽然离真正过年还有一段时间，但各个城市、商场都已经开始布置下一年的生肖吉祥物。在往年看来仪式感十足的步骤，最近对于很多人来说却是一场噩梦，因为我们即将迎来——蛇年。我知道看到这里，很多怕蛇人已经想要立刻关掉页面、防止眼睛中毒了。但别担心，本文已经通过了编辑部极度怕蛇人叶橙子的权威检验，保证文中不会出现真蛇，稍微可能引发不适的图都做了滑动效果。
二 | 前两天关晓彤参加微博之夜的直播，可以说生动地展示了一位对蛇有着生理性恐惧的年轻人，是如何被蛇年逼疯的。在交换新年礼物的欢节，关晓彤抽到了一个Jellycat的蛇玩偶。已经在娱乐圈摸爬滚打了23年的国民闺女，在镜头前经历了全面的表情失控。皱起的眉头、偷偷翘起的手指，暗示着她作为95后小花的最后一丝体面。因为节目是直播，关晓彤不好意思直接表现出嫌弃。
三 | 就这么手足无措地拎着蛇cue流程，看也不敢看、碰又不敢碰。屏幕对面的多少怕蛇人，立刻感同身受。“蛇年对于我来说就是一场大劫，无时无刻不在担心出门转角遇到蛇。
四 | ”月初短视频平台上曾流传一种说法，说十二生肖里本来没有蛇。
五 | 我深刻怀疑这完全是怕蛇人的阴谋，就为了不想最近在街头巷尾被蛇元素吓一跳。
六 | 去年遍布各大商场的丑龙装饰，最多只是对人类审美的荼毒。但蛇装饰——无论它们是搞笑还是唯美——对怕蛇人来说，都意味着直击灵魂的震颤。对于怕蛇人来说，最近的生活就像是误入规则怪谈。
七 | 规则一，绝不能踏进宜家半步。不然就会看到成箱的逼真蟒蛇玩偶，摆在大厅最显眼的位置。事实上，建议最近在进入大型超市的时候，也尽量把眼睛闭上或者看向天花板。因为很容易在一堆醒狮、对联之类的红火年货中，转角遇到自己命定的博格特。@zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz规则二，买东西尽量网购。如果非要到线下逛街，只去那些懒得搞生肖装饰的老式百货商店。很多时髦点的商场去年靠着大型龙装饰火成网红打卡地，今年也想如法炮制。只不过在普通人眼中还算精致的蛇雕塑，对怕蛇人来说宛如耶梦加得重生、噩梦成真。@小优游玩记前两天全网都在嘲笑昆明某商场的蛇年装饰。画着腮红的蛇脸上露出一种如痴如醉的表情，被吐槽是“鬼迷日眼”“仿佛吃了菌子”。
八 | 但怕蛇的昆明人已经无心加入这场玩梗了，只需瞟一眼那抽象的尖牙和红色信子，心里就暗暗发誓最近绝对不路过这个路口。南京德基广场的蛇雕塑是马卡龙色的，还配这忽闪忽闪的长睫毛和蝴蝶结尾巴。@Cawaii圈圈“内啥，我我承认它很漂亮，但还是让它走开吧”。规则三，最近看到品牌出的什么“新年联名”“新年特供”，一定要提高警惕。
九 | 因为很可能这个“联名”，指得就是跟蛇联名。很多人热衷于收藏各种品牌的生肖珍藏款产品，十二生肖已经集齐七八个。
十 | 收集事业卒于新款包装上的蛇做得太逼真。@异乡异客沪上阿姨看似考虑了怕蛇人的需求，蛇年推出的新品是“蛇果奶绿”。结果偏偏设计了一个“蛇皮杯”，甚至贴心做出了鳞片的花纹和纹理触感。@悄悄发个动态有人称赞“质感摸上去仿佛在摸一款上好的皮包”，但对于怕蛇人来说，这只能算是一款鸡皮疙瘩生成器。“打开袋子直接被吓到心跳加速，遮起来！立刻遮起来！”@菲菲不少网友说，怕蛇的人蛇年是真省钱了，啥限定都买不下手。
十一 | 但自己不买，不代表别人不会买。最近上班跟同事谈工作的时候都要小心翼翼。生怕对方换了新的屏保或者手机壳，定睛一看上面画条蛇。@卢靖珊大学生发现隔壁寝室贴了福字，本来还在感慨同学真有仪式感。结果仔细一看头皮发麻，还不敢跟别人说怕显得自己矫情。
十二 | @猫仔起床惹至于永远能跟上每一股潮流的美甲行业，最近更像是真·“捅了蛇窝”。
十三 | “闺蜜给我看她新做的蛇年美甲时，我的表情就跟关晓彤一样一样的。
十四 | ”@Twin-小双眼看着临近新年，网红们也开始蹭起了生肖的热度。
十五 | 对于怕蛇人来说，这相当于进一步增大了生活中蛇元素的密度。社交平台热搜上刷到“蛇年妆容”，还以为最多是教你如何画细长眼线、精致鼻影。
十六 | 结果点开一看，美妆博主头上的蛇形头饰比这些年在古装剧里的见过的还多。@六金yE想要给家里增添节日气氛，点开”新年必学剪窗花视频”，结果剪出来一个美杜莎的头——不是，你这蛇吐信子的细节就非得要吗！@唛大叔或许是因为复制起来太过容易，蛇形元素会在任何地方出现。看个美食教程，也有可能遭遇突然惊吓。只见大厨手起刀落，几下飞快的操作之后，一根普普通通的黄瓜就立刻变得可疑了起来。@长沙夜宵锋哥看这翠绿的颜色、柔软的“身段”，以及头部点缀得那颗小芝麻……“不好！是蛇！我终于明白家里的猫看到黄瓜为什么会瞬间弹跳起飞了！”在十二生肖的形象中，怕老鼠、怕鸡、怕羊、怕狗的人并不在少数。但大家怕的基本上都是真动物，艺术加工过的不算。很多人在垃圾箱后发现真老鼠会失声尖叫，在迪士尼见到米奇人偶却会疯狂拍照。但怕蛇的人不一样——怕得真情实感、怕得各有千秋。秦岚在综艺里被要求摸蛇。有人怕三角形的蛇头，以及它竖起来的瞳孔，让人联想到童年神剧里阴森森的蛇精反派。有人怕冰凉的鳞片，看一眼就想起小时候在乡下老家玩耍，被蛇爬过脚面时滑腻腻的触感。
十七 | 也有人讨厌看到蛇在草地上快速蜿蜒爬行的样子，感觉下一秒就会窜到自己身上。再严重一点的，甚至连连看到蛇这个字都会感到浑身难受。说实在的，作为一个不怕蛇的人，我在判断身边怕蛇人的心理阈值时，经常会出现纰漏。比如前两天我给叶橙子转发了一张搞笑动漫风的蛇表情包，本以为已经够无害了，她却直接从工位上蹦了起来。而从各个商场、商家出的蛇年吉祥物设计来看，也可以看出商家们已经很努力在削减蛇年对怕蛇人的伤害——因为摸不准尺度在哪儿，那就干脆进行天马行空的艺术创作，尽量让蛇们少一点蛇样。去年过年，上海豫园灯会在一众网红打卡地中大出风头。当时他们做的龙灯是这样的：胡须、鳞片细致可见，整个姿态栩栩如生。但今年的蛇灯，是这个风格——“我们是做不出来像的吗？我们是怕太像了吓着你！”湖南株洲百货去年的龙装饰，被当地网友吐槽毫无霸气可言。眯缝眼、呲牙傻乐，圆滚滚的身体“不像龙倒像条蛇”。@株洲百货但看了今年的装饰就明白，株洲百货只是单纯热爱给动物变形。
十八 | 看这有棱有角的身形，看这莫名其妙的圆形花纹，谁说贪食蛇就不能算蛇。为了在“让人能看出是蛇”和“又不能太像蛇”两个需求之间找到平衡，设计师们可以说是绞尽脑汁。已知龙和蛇的身形很像，为什么很多人怕蛇却不怕龙？答：或许是因为蛇头可怕，遮起来就行了。于是今年，很多商场里的蛇生肖装饰都被加上了头套。@易只烊重庆街头的这条蛇，不仅有着圆滚滚的脸蛋，甚至还带上了财神的帽子。用年轻人大家对金钱的渴望，压抑蛇形象本身带来的的负面情绪，这波堪称是实用主义的胜利。（bushi@Hi 沙坪坝为了把可怕程度降到最低，不少蛇年吉祥物的设计思路，都在往可爱的方向打造。比如山东菏泽某商场里这只，除了细长的身子还能看出点蛇样来，已经拿掉了绝大部分蛇的特征。
十九 | @心动曹州鳞片换成了毛茸茸质感，竖直瞳孔换成了大眼珠子，就连配色都是嫩嫩的马卡龙色系。为了让蛇不像蛇，有时候设计师们也会用力过猛。比如一不小心，在蛇的身体上按了个忧郁青蛙的头。
| 看花纹明明是写实风，但偏偏睁着两只搞笑大眼睛对你say“嘶”。
| 让你不知道是该笑还是该扭头就跑。@momo去年在年轻人中间爆火的IP“小狗蛇点点”，最近成了很多网红品牌争相想要联名的对象。因为很难再找到另一条让人觉得很可爱的蛇。“第一个想到把狗跟蛇结合起来的人，真是天才！”@多吃螃蟹“变可爱”的思路虽然削减了蛇的可怕，但过于萌的外观毕竟不适合高端品牌。
| 于是另一个路线横空出世，那就是抽象派。某个高端商场没有常规地在中庭摆放大型蛇雕塑，而是在电梯扶手，营造一种大蛇盘绕的效果。但秒就秒在它若隐若现。说是蛇、是龙，甚至是鲤鱼都行，甚至连模拟鳞片的花纹，仔细一看都更像是珠宝切割过的切面。Prada的蛇年宣传片甚至根本没有蛇本人出现，而是把人群的剪影排成了蜿蜒的蛇形。结果被吐槽像节假日大家在景区排队上厕所。刚排到马龙。奢侈品牌BV的蛇年新品，则是一个绿色的单肩包，用编制工艺稍稍模拟一下蛇的鳞片质感。在包带一段再缝个小小的红布条，就算应上蛇年的这个景了。其中一个例外，是辣条品牌卫龙。虽然本身的定位是平民零食，但在设计上也凑了“抽象派”的热闹。而它所谓的“蛇年设计元素”是什么呢？请看PPT。没错，只要想象力够丰富，蛇皮袋也可以是蛇。相比于龙年的大张旗鼓、创意满满，可以看出对待“蛇”这个生肖吉祥物，所有设计师们都很收敛。火不火还在其次，总之尽量先别吓到人。
| 前两天疯狂动物城发布新春海报，对联里打出了“灵蛇纳福”的字样。
| 但堂堂新角色、灵蛇本蛇，只能委屈地躲在海报的一侧，再加上身形过于细长，不认真看可能都不会注意到。也不排除设计师自己本来就是一个怕蛇人士。
| 自从进入了春节倒计时，网上经常有从事设计工作的网友在哀嚎：“找有关蛇的素材时从来不忘加上‘手绘’‘可爱’之类的关键词，但随时担心会出来一个写实风，已经想直接跳过蛇年过马年了。”如果说还能有什么战胜人们对蛇的恐惧，恐怕只有金钱的力量。比如我为了写这篇文章广泛询问了身边怕蛇的朋友，到底什么样的蛇年吉祥物才能不让他们感到害怕。最后发现达成一致的答案有两个。
| 一是宝格丽。二是金店里卖的各种蛇元素首饰。这或许也为怕蛇的朋友们，提供了一个度过蛇年春节的好点子。
| “既然已经躲不开这到处都是的‘蛇装饰’了，我决定最近多去金店逛逛。”说不定亮闪闪的金子看多了，就把蛇也连带着看顺眼了呢？#头条深一度#。
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